Working memory and ADHD
What is working memory?
Working memory is the temporary holding and use of information during a task. For example, it helps you keep an instruction in mind while acting on it. Some people with ADHD have working-memory difficulties, but neither a memory lapse nor a working-memory task establishes a diagnosis.
capacity varies with the task, material and person
there is no single prevalence that applies to everyone with ADHD
retention depends on attention, rehearsal and the task
How difficulties may appear
Forgetting instructions
Losing the start of a sentence while someone is still speaking
Losing track of the aim
Forgetting why you entered a room
Losing your place after an interruption
Difficulty returning to a task after a distraction
Effects on everyday work
Working-memory difficulties can make complex instructions and interruptions harder to manage. Written steps and external cues may help. These difficulties do not by themselves indicate low intelligence, and their causes and impact vary between people.
Practical supports
- External lists — write down useful information rather than relying only on memory
- Break down instructions — ask for one step at a time
- Visual cues — notes, reminders or boards
- Rehearsal — repeat information aloud if that helps
- Technology — use suitable tools to store information outside your head
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